An Examination and Analysis of Eschatological Thought Based on the Foundation of Theology in Two Approaches: Sudden (Instantaneous) and GradualTheology
Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Presidency of Qom University of Islamic Studies
2
ندارم
Abstract
This study explores two fundamental approaches within Twelver Shi‘a eschatological thought—the sudden (instantaneous) approach and the gradual (process-oriented) approach—focusing on on the issue of human guidance in the End Times and how the establishment and realization of a monotheistic society under the guidance of the Infallible Imam takes place. Accordingly, Shi‘a eschatology encompasses two main paradigms: one that envisions apocalyptic transformations occurring abruptly and without prior groundwork, and another that sees these changes as gradual, contingent upon preparatory conditions and sociopolitical groundwork. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical method and library resources, this research investigates the theological foundations underlying each approach. The findings indicate that the sudden approach relies on God’s absolute omnipotence, which brings about transformations suddenly without the need for prior sociocultural preparation. In contrast, the gradual approach posits that End-Time transformations unfold within a framework of causality, requiring preliminary conditions and systematic preparation, and that God guides this process through natural and progressive stages. The necessity of this examination is that knowing the foundations of each of these approaches helps to a more accurate understanding of their effects on religious and political interpretations, especially in the context of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is based on preparing the ground for the reappearance of Imam Zaman (may God hasten his reappearance).
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