The ideological nature of Iran's social system has created a context for committing crimes by manipulating religious and spiritual concepts. False claims in this context are not merely lies; therefore, addressing the guarantee of criminal execution related to them does not violate freedom of expression but rather concretizes it. One of the most significant subjects in the realm of false claims with religious contents is the claim of Mahdism, which, due to its roots in the concept of Imamate, can lead to delinquency by abusing others. Thus, this research focuses on the potential criminal characterization of the claim of Mahdism within the context of Imami penal jurisprudence and Iranian criminal law. The outcome of this writing indicates that the criminal description of the claim of Mahdism faces skepticism in Imamate penal jurisprudence. Nevertheless, under Iranian penal regulations, it can be considered a discretionary penalty and offence as an advertising or educational activity contrary to Islam or as pretense of committing a forbidden act.